Sumário:The PTA as a double crisis in the WTO: symptoms of a normative crisis: the difficulty of making a decision : the principle of the single undertaking and decision-making process by consensus; the inadequacy of the disciplines covered by the GATT; the challenge posed by global value chains: the complexity of rules of origin. Symptoms of an institutional crisis: the defective control of articles XXIV of GATT and V of GATS; the poor supervision of the transparency mechanism; the jurisdictional conflict posed by the PTA dispute settlement mechanisms -- The PTA as an opportunity to reform the WTO: the need to strengthen PTA supervision and the role of the secretariat. Multilateralization as a possible solution: de facto multilateralization: the example of the GATS; towards positive integration. Multilateralization by critical mass.