Sumário:From ratification through the antebellum period : The backdrop of the laws of war. The Washington administration : organization of the military establishment and the calling forth of the state militia. The Adams administration and the quasi-war with France. The Jefferson administration. The war of 1812. The Antebellum era -- The civil war and its aftermath : The laws of war and the Lieber code. Lincoln's assertion of executive prerrogatives in the spring of 1861. The habeas corpus of 1863. The great congressional debate over the Confiscation Act of 1862. Regulating military dismissals and tribunals. After Lincoln : the emergence of the preclusive power argument -- From post-reconstruction through the Geneva Conventions of 1949 : The increasing importance of treaty-based constraints. From reconstruction to the progressive era. Political branch practice from 1900 to 1939. The administration of Franklin Roosevelt and World War II -- The modern era : The Truman administration. Nixon, Ford, and the war in Indochina. The Carter administration and FISA. The Reagan administration. Bush 41 : aggressive expansion of preclusive claims. The Clinton administration. The George W. Bush administration -- Bringing our constitucional tradition to bear on disputes at the lowest EBB : The superintendence prerrogative. The substantive preclusive prerrogatives of the commander in chief.